4. Indirect procurement (MRO, services, CAPEX-lite)

A high-volume factory relies heavily on the underlying infrastructure of indirect materials. Maintenance, Repair, and Operations (MRO) supplies, spare machine parts, and external facility services represent a significant financial cost center that requires careful management.

This chapter details the structural strategy for Indirect Procurement governance. We define the workflows required for managing supplier contracts, establishing min/max inventory levels for critical spare machine parts, and consolidating MRO spend to prevent unmanaged purchasing and operational delays.