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5.3 Outage / Disaster Recovery Playbooks + Test Schedule

07. Facility Infrastructure, TPM & EHS Part 5. Business Continuity & Security

Disaster recovery is not about "hope"; it is about Mean Time to Recovery (MTTR). In a crisis, adrenaline lowers cognitive function. If the recovery process relies on improvisation, the facility will fail. We replace panic with pre-engineered logic paths known ...

6.5 Breakdown Response Standard (safe isolation, restart verification)

07. Facility Infrastructure, TPM & EHS Part 6. Maintenance Operations & Reliab...

A machine breakdown is a high-pressure event where adrenaline often overrides protocol. This is when accidents happen. The pressure to "get back online" induces shortcuts—bypassing guards, skipping LOTO, or ignoring initial quality checks. This standard enforc...

1.3 System Landscape & RACI

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 1. Manufacturing Systems Architect...

A manufacturing floor running on undefined system boundaries guarantees data corruption. When an ERP attempts to manage millisecond sensor data, or a PLC tries to query financial ledgers, the architecture suffers a "split-brain" failure where the financial vie...

5.1 MES Rollout Method (Pilot -> Line -> Factory) + Cutover Checklist

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 5. IT Operations for Factory Systems

Deploying a new MES or ERP module acts as a transplant of the manufacturing facility's nervous system. A "Big Bang" deployment (switching everything at once) is a suicide pact. If the system fails, the factory stops, and revenue drops to zero. Adopt a Phased ...

5.3 Support Model (L1/L2/L3), Incident Response, Monitoring

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 5. IT Operations for Factory Systems

A deployed system without a defined support architecture is a dormant failure waiting for a trigger. In a 24/7 manufacturing environment, "Call the developer" is not a scalable strategy. You must build a tiered defense system that resolves 80% of issues withou...

1.6 ERP-MES Contract: Orders, confirmations, consumption, scrap, WIP

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 1. Manufacturing Systems Architect...

The interface between ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and MES (Manufacturing Execution System) is not merely a data pipe; it is a binding contract between Finance and Operations. If the ERP believes you have 100 units of raw material, but the MES has physic...

1.4 Master Data Model + SSOT Rules (BOM/Routing/Resources)

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 1. Manufacturing Systems Architect...

Master Data is the executable code of your factory. If the Bill of Materials (BOM) or Routing contains an error, the MES will flawlessly automate the production of a defect. Treat Master Data not as static documentation, but as a rigid configuration set that r...

1.1 Functional Hierarchy (ISA-95)

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 1. Manufacturing Systems Architect...

In complex manufacturing, blurring the lines between business planning and machine control is not an "agile" feature; it is a structural vulnerability. The ISA-95 standard acts as the firewall preventing your ERP finance system from accidentally crashing a rob...

3.4 Work Order Execution Model

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 3. Traceability and Compliance Ope...

The Work Order (WO) is the executable container for the product. If the ERP is the "Architect," the WO is the "Contract" issued to the shop floor. It authorizes the consumption of specific materials to produce a specific quantity of goods by a specific date. A...

3.6 Quality Gates & Data Capture Requirements

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 3. Traceability and Compliance Ope...

A digital system that only "records" production is a passive historian. To prevent defects, the MES must act as an active filter. We apply the 10x Rule of Cost: A defect found at Solder Paste Inspection (SPI) costs $0.10 to fix (wipe and reprint). Found at In-...

3.5 Work Instructions & e-Records

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 3. Traceability and Compliance Ope...

Paper work instructions are a liability. They are static, easily defaced, and impossible to revoke instantly. If an Engineering Change Order (ECO) is released at 09:00, a paper-based factory is still building the "Old Way" at 10:00. The goal of Electronic Work...

3.1 Traceability Standards (IPC-1782)

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 3. Traceability and Compliance Ope...

Traceability is not an archive of what happened; it is the active defense against liability. In the event of a field failure, your ability to surgically recall only the affected units—rather than the entire month's production—determines whether the recall cost...

3.3 Component Genealogy

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 3. Traceability and Compliance Ope...

Genealogy is the forensic DNA of your product. While "Traceability" tracks where a unit went, "Genealogy" records exactly what it is made of. In the event of a component failure (e.g., a bad batch of capacitors), a robust genealogy tree allows you to surgicall...

3.2 Serialization and Identity Lifecycle

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 3. Traceability and Compliance Ope...

A Serial Number (SN) is not a sticker; it is the Primary Key of your physical reality. If two units on the floor share the same ID, or if an ID is generated but never physically attached, the integrity of your database collapses. Identity is a state machine. ...

4.1 Digital Andon Systems

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 4. Operator UX, Escalation, and Pe...

A traditional Andon system (lights on a pole) is a passive request for help; a Digital Andon system is an active subpoena for support. In a high-speed line, a "Red Light" that goes unnoticed for 10 minutes is 10 minutes of lost capacity that can never be recov...

4.3 Dashboards & Shopfloor Displays

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 4. Operator UX, Escalation, and Pe...

Data must be visible to be actionable. In a high-speed environment, operators and managers do not have time to "analyze" charts. They need instant situational awareness. The 3-Second Rule Requirement: A viewer standing 5 meters away must be able to understan...

5.5 Access Control Matrix + Audit Trails

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 5. IT Operations for Factory Systems

Security in a manufacturing environment is not just about preventing external hackers; it is about preventing an intern from accidentally deleting a Master Routing. The principle of Least Privilege is the only defense against incompetence and malice. A user sh...

5.4 Backup & Disaster Recovery

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 5. IT Operations for Factory Systems

A system that cannot be recovered is a system that does not exist. In manufacturing, uptime is currency. If the MES database corrupts, you are not just "offline"; you are burning cash at the run-rate of the entire facility. Backup is not a task for the night s...

1.2 Interoperability and Governance

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 1. Manufacturing Systems Architect...

A system architecture without governance is not an architecture; it is a "spaghetti topology" of fragile point-to-point connections. In a high-volume manufacturing environment, interoperability is the discipline of defining boundaries and contracts. If System ...

1.5 OT Network & Cybersecurity Baseline

11. Operational Excellence & Digital Sy... Part 1. Manufacturing Systems Architect...

A flat network is a suicide pact. If a receptionist's laptop opens a phishing email, your PLCs must not shut down. The goal of OT Cybersecurity is not "IT Compliance"; it is Production Survivability. We segment the network to contain the blast radius of inevit...