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5.1 Engineering Change Management (ECM)
Uncontrolled variation is the primary driver of manufacturing failure. In an electronics manufacturing environment, a modification to a Bill of Materials (BOM), a Gerber file, or a firmware version without a synchronized propagation path results in revision mi...
5.2 Deviations / Waivers / Concessions
Rigid adherence to specification is the baseline for quality, but manufacturing reality occasionally demands flexibility to maintain continuity of supply. A shortage of a specific resistor brand or a cosmetic blemish on a hidden chassis surface should not nece...
5.3 Customer Complaints → Containment → 8D/CAPA
Unresolved field failures degrade contract margins and invite liability claims. A complaint is not merely a service ticket; it is a signal of process control deviation. Treat every external defect report as a system breach requiring immediate physical containm...
5.4 Quality Assurance & RMA
RMA (Return Material Authorization) is not a waste disposal channel; it is a forensic feedback loop. A loose RMA process bleeds margin through unjustified credits and obscures critical design flaws. Treat every return as a financial claim against the manufactu...
5.5 End of Life (EOL) Management
EOL is a financial event, not just an operational stop. A poorly managed discontinuation results in "Stranded Inventory" (dead cash) or "Service Gaps" (breach of contract). The objective is a controlled landing: zero residual inventory liability and 100% fulfi...
6.1 CRM Data Model
A CRM is not a digital address book; it is the operating system of your manufacturing revenue. If a data point does not exist in the CRM, it does not exist for the business. A "loose" data model creates invisible risks—untracked engineering changes, unapproved...
6.2 Automation Rules: Stage Gates, Approvals, & Escalations
Manual enforcement of process discipline is a single point of failure. Human memory is fallible; code is not. Configure the CRM to act as a logic gate that physically prevents non-compliant actions (e.g., sending a loss-making quote) and enforces velocity thro...
6.3 Dashboards & KPIs
A dashboard is not an art gallery; it is a control panel. If a metric does not drive a decision, delete it. Vanity metrics (e.g., "Total Likes," "Number of Emails Sent") obscure reality. Focus strictly on the physics of the business: Velocity, Quality, and Yie...
1.1 Material Group Architecture
Supply chain resilience relies on rigorous segmentation. Treating a microcontroller and a standard resistor with the same procurement logic introduces catastrophic inefficiency and unmanaged risk. A monolithic sourcing strategy fails because component physics,...
1.2 Supplier Selection & The AVL
The Approved Vendor List (AVL) functions as the primary firewall for the manufacturing ecosystem. Permitting unvetted entities to inject material into the supply chain guarantees downstream failure, whether through counterfeit components, sudden insolvency, or...
1.3 ROM Costing & Spend Stratification
Engineering velocity often outpaces supply chain visibility. Waiting two weeks for formal quotes to estimate a BOM cost paralyzes decision-making. The Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) process uses immediate market data to generate a "Directional Cost." The objec...
1.4 Quote Validation & Risk Flags
A Raw Order of Magnitude (ROM) estimate is a guess; a Validated Quote is a contractual instrument. Translating a supplier’s pricing signal into a financial commitment requires forensic attention to detail. A single data entry error—confusing "Price per 100" wi...
1.5 In-Depth RFQ, Quote Leveling & Award Rules
A vague Request for Quote (RFQ) generates vague pricing. If you send a supplier a simple spreadsheet of part numbers without commercial and technical constraints, you are not negotiating; you are asking for a rough estimate. A robust RFQ package creates a bind...
1.6 Purchase Order (PO) Management
A Purchase Order (PO) is not an administrative suggestion; it is a legally binding contract that defines the specific configuration, schedule, and quality standard for a transaction. If the PO is vague, the liability for failure sits with the buyer, not the su...
1.7 Counterfeit Avoidance (AS5553)
Counterfeit components are not merely a financial nuisance; they are a system contagion. A single remarked component can pass functional test at board level, only to fail in the field due to thermal mismatch or latent ESD damage, triggering catastrophic liabil...
2.1 The Planning Hierarchy
Procurement cannot function if it chases conflicting signals. When Sales forecasts one number, Production schedules another, and Engineering changes the BOM simultaneously, the result is chaos—excess inventory or line-down shortages. To stabilize the supply ch...
1.8 Supplier Commit Control & Expediting
A Purchase Order represents demand; the Supplier Acknowledgement (ACK) represents reality. The gap between "Requested Date" and "Committed Date" is where supply chains fail. If the ERP system assumes materials will arrive on time simply because a PO exists, th...
2.2 Lead Time Management
Lead time is not a static integer; it is a volatile variable that dictates the horizon of your liability. Treating Lead Time (LT) as a "set and forget" field in the Item Master guarantees schedule failure. If the market shifts from 12 weeks to 50 weeks (as see...
2.3 Shortage Management (The “Chase” Process)
A shortage is a failure of the planning system. It is an operational emergency that directly threatens revenue recognition and factory utilization. Treating a shortage as a casual administrative task ("I emailed the vendor, waiting for reply") is unacceptable....
2.4 MRP Parameter Governance
Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a deterministic engine. It possesses no intuition. It calculates demand strictly based on the variables you program into the Item Master. If the Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) is wrong, you accumulate dead stock. If the Sa...