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4.2 Change Control and Revisions
In manufacturing, the only thing more dangerous than a bad design is an ambiguous one. "Continuou...
4.1 Metrics That Matter: Yield, FPY, Scrap, OTD
A factory generates two things: products and data. If you ignore the data, the product will event...
3.7 Shipping, Traceability, and Returns
The manufacturing process does not end when the device passes its final test. It ends when the cu...
3.6 Harnessing and Box Build
The transition from PCBA to Box Build (System Integration) is a shift from the microscopic precis...
3.5 Test Strategy: ICT vs Functional vs Burn-In
Testing is the only mechanism that converts a manufacturing gamble into a guaranteed product. Wit...
3.4 Inspection and Defect Handling: AOI, X-Ray, Rework
Inspection does not add value to a product; it only adds cost. A board that passes inspection is ...
3.3 Manual and Through-Hole Assembly
While SMT is a triumph of robotic consistency, Through-Hole Technology (THT) and Manual Assembly ...
3.2 SMT in One Page: Print → Place → Reflow
Surface Mount Technology (SMT) is the heartbeat of modern electronics manufacturing. It is a line...
3.1 The Virtual Build: DFM + Sourcing + Data Freeze
Before a single dollar is spent on silicon or a single stencil is cut, the product must be built ...
2.5 DFM Rules of Thumb for Non-Designers
Design for Manufacturing (DFM) is not about making a product "easy" to build; it is about obeying...
2.4 Components and Packages
A schematic symbol is a theoretical instruction; a component package is a physical constraint. In...
2.3 Solder Mask, Silkscreen, Surface Finish
Once the copper etching is complete, the board is electrically functional but manufacturing-hosti...
2.2 Copper Features and Vias
In CAD software, a trace is a vector line with zero resistance and infinite precision. On the fac...
2.1 PCB Materials and Layers
The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is not merely a passive holder for components; it is an active me...
1.8 Quality, Compliance, and “Definition of Done”
In professional electronics manufacturing, "it turns on" is not a quality standard; it is merely ...
8.3 Supplier Business Reviews
A Business Review is not a social visit. It is a control mechanism. If the agenda focuses on "rel...
8.2 Supplier Development & Escalation
Escalation is not about shouting louder or applying emotional pressure; it is a mechanical proces...
8.1 The Supplier Scorecard
A scorecard is not a report card; it is a feedback control loop. Without objective performance da...
7.4 Freight Booking, Consolidation & Exception Handling
Freight is the volatile variable that can quietly erase the cost savings you fought for during ne...
7.3 Reverse Logistics (RMA)
Reverse logistics is not waste management; it is a forensic investigation. A failed component is ...